January 1, 2019 marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States of America. Over the past four decades, China-U.S. relations have evolved from tense standoffs to a complex mix of intensifying diplomacy. While our relations have grown deeper and stronger, a future of healthy competition and cooperation does not come without challenges. It would be exceptionally beneficial to take a look back at the lessons of history, particularly the legacies of those past 40 years. It is also crucially important to create a shared vision of bilateral relations underlined by mutually beneficial partnership. To that end, the Shanghai Institute of American Studies and the Center for American Studies of Fudan University, together with The Paper (a Chinese digital media outlet), present “40 People on 40 Years: An Interview Series Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of China-U.S. Diplomatic Normalization”, a project which features exclusive interviews with 40 renowned experts (20 from each side) and aims to closely examine the diplomatic path to where we are today, and explores the potential to strengthen mutual understanding and enhance collaboration. The China-U.S. rapprochement 40 years ago not only changed the world’s political landscape, but also changed the fate of countless Chinese and American people. We therefore decided to shed some light on the front-row witnesses to the development of China-U.S. relations, uncovering their personal journeys to China/U.S. studies as well as the highlights of their impressive careers. Our interview series features: From the Chinese side: Zhao Qizheng, Former Director, State Council Information Office Long Yongtu, Former Vice Minister, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Tao Wenzhao, Researcher, Institute of American Studies, CASS Zhou Wenzhong, Former Chinese Ambassador to the U.S. He Weiwen, Senior Research Fellow, Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Renmin University of China Wang Jisi, President, Institute of International and Strategic Studies, Peking University Yang Yi, Former Director, Institute for Strategic Studies, National Defense University Yang Jiemian, Chairman, Academic Affairs Council, Shanghai Institutes for International Studies Cui Tiankai, Chinese Ambassador to the U.S. Yao Yunzhu, Senior Advisor, China Association of Military Science Huang Renwei, Former Vice President, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences He Yafei, Former Vice Minister, Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ni Feng, Deputy Director, Institute of American Studies, CASS Zhu Feng, Executive Director, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University Wu Xinbo, Director, Center for American Studies and Dean, Institute of International Studies, Fudan University; President, Shanghai Institute of American Studies Yuan Peng, President, China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations Chen Dongxiao, President, Shanghai Institutes for International Studies Da Wei, Assistant President, University of International Relations Song Guoyou, Deputy Director, Center for American Studies, Fudan University Diao Daming, Research Fellow, National Academy of Development and Strategy, Renmin University of China From the American side: Jimmy Carter, Former U.S. President Ezra Feivel Vogel, Professor, Harvard University Stapleton Roy, Former U.S. Ambassador to China Joseph Nye, Former Dean, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University' Kenneth Lieberthal, Senior Fellow Emeritus, Brookings Institution Jeffrey Bader, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution Susan Shirk, Chair, 21st Century China Center, University of California, San Diego Terry Branstad, U.S. Ambassador to China David M. Lampton, Director of China Studies, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies Thomas Fingar, Professor, Stanford University Harry Harding, Professor, University of Virginia Douglas Paal, Vice President for Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Kenneth Jarrett, President, AmCham Shanghai; Former U.S. Consul General in Shanghai Robert Ross, Professor, Boston College David Dollar, Senior Fellow, John L. Thornton China Center, Brookings Institution Dennis Wilder, Managing Director, Initiative for U.S.-China Dialogue on Global Issues, Georgetown University Robert Daly, Director, Kissinger Institute on China and the U.S. Paul Haenle, Director, Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy Daniel Rosen, Founding Partner, Rhodium Group Peter Gries, Former Director, Institute for U.S.-China Issues, University of Oklahoma Over the span of about 12 months, we conducted 40 in-depth interviews in seven cities across China and the US. During that time, China-U.S. relations appeared to have hit alarmingly tense points. With domestic politics shifting inside the US, the Trump administration’s policy on China has been described as unpredictable. As most of the older generation of officials retire in Washington, new generations are finding it harder to resonate on historic issues with Beijing. Meanwhile, many are propagating the idea of a new cold war, zero-sum competition, or a power reshuffle. All of these ideas have posed new challenges to our bilateral relations. However, the people we spoke with maintained cautious optimism about our long-term future. They addressed hot topics such as trade frictions, the “strategic rivalry” “engagement vs containment” and the Thucydides Trap. They also expressed a shared wish for more cooperation and better relations between China and the US. There was a consensus among experts from both sides that we have to learn to adapt, improve communication, enhance mutual trust, expand cooperation, control disputes and seek win-win outcomes whenever possible. Starting on November 26, 2018, we will release one piece from the interview series every day. The first will feature Cui Tiankai, the current Chinese Ambassador to the US. Please stay tuned! Preview(Interview series honors 40 years of Sino-U.S. relations): http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2664023 40 People on 40 Years|Cui Tiankai: Chinese wisdom can provide China-U.S. relations with a new path ahead http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2657149 40 People on 40 Years|Jimmy Carter: The normalization of diplomatic relations between China and the U.S. has constituted enormous contributions to world peace http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2658002_1 40 People on 40 Years|Zhao Qizheng: The U.S. needn't weigh the fear of a real China http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2658291 40 People on 40 Years|Ezra Fievel Vogel: China and the U.S. need more empathtic scholars http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2658426 40 People on 40 Years|Long Yongtu: China’s Entry to the WTO was not at the expense of the United States http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2658387 40 People on 40 Years丨Joseph Nye:China and the U.S. don't pose extential threats to each other http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2658642 40 People on 40 Years丨Tao Wenzhao:China and the U.S. accumulate a wealth of experience in crisis management http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2669144 40 People on 40 Years|Kenneth G. Lieberthal:China and the U.S. should beware of swinging to the antithesis of bilateral relations http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670462 40 People on 40 Years|Zhou Wenzhong: Seeking common ground while shelving difference and running-in forward is the only wise choice for China and the U.S. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670467 40 People on 40 Years|Jeffrey Bade:China and the U.S. can emerge as responsible stakeholders and pillars in the international system http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670468 40 People on 40 Years|He Weiwen: The foundation of Sino-U.S. relations consists in enterprises and civli society. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670474 40 People on 40 Years|Susan Shirk: Managing China-U.S.competition requires restraint and caution from both sides. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670477 40 People on 40 Years丨Wang Jisi: It's vital to try to avoid tensions and conflicts. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670478 40 People on 40 Years|David Lampton: Positive mutual dependence can be a hedge against the Thucydides Trap. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670482 40 People on 40 Years|Yang Yi: We must maintain positive interaction in the military field. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670483 40 People on 40 Years|Thomas Fingar: China's increased capacity isn't incompatible with U.S. interests. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670486 40 People on 40 Years|Yang Jiemian: If we look at China-U.S. relations through a telescope, we can be cautiously optimistic about the future. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670487 40 People on 40 Years|Harry Harding: China and the U.S. can foster positive competition even over political systems. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670488 40 People on 40 Years丨Yao Yunzhu:The peoples of both sides have long been friends. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670489 40 People on 40 Years|Terry Branstad: Good chemistry between leaders will herald a bright future for China and the U.S. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670515 40 People on 40 Years|Huang Renwei: Engagement stems from the national interests of both sides. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670491 40 People on 40 Years|Douglas Paal: U.S. must make room for China in the new global power structure. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670492 40 People on 40 Years|He Yafei: China and the U.S. need to take a broad-minded approach to further develop bilateral relations . http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670493 40 People on 40 Years|Kenneth Jarrett: American companies still believe in long-term opportunities in Chinese market. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670494 40 People on 40 Years|Ni Feng: The potential for China-U.S. cooperation is still strong. http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670495 40 People on 40 Years|Robert S. Ross:Pragmatic diplomacy can again pave the road to China-U.S. cooperation http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670496 40 People on 40 Years丨Zhu Feng: We need to hold a clear and objective view on the U.S. impact in the course of China's development http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670497 40 People on 40 Years丨David Dollar: Economic fundamentals will drive China and the U.S. a future of great potentials http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670499 40 People on 40 Years|Wu Xinbo: China and the U.S. will be in a more equal and balanced relationship that is both cooperative and competitve after a period of accommodating each other http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670500 40 People on 40 Years|Dennis Wilder: Candid and friendly personal relationships boost China-U.S. strategic trust http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670502 40 People on 40 Years|Yuan Peng:The common interests binding the two countries as one of the successful initiatves in Sino-U.S. relations http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670504 40 People on 40 Years|Robert Daly: Emergent technology may be a sorely needed positive foundation for China-U.S. relations http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670507 40 People on 40 Years|Chen Dongxiao: There is no other way out but to build a new type of major power relations or a new interactive model http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670508 40 People on 40 Years|Paul Haenle: Greater cooperation on international issues benefits China, the U.S., and the world http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670509 40 People on 40 Years丨Da Wei: A stable relationship benefits both sides in the context of overall development http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670512 40 People on 40 Years丨Daniel H. Rosen: Trust building is the solution to China-U.S. bilateral woes http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670513 40 People on 40 Years|Stapleton Roy: The U.S. can get along with a stronger and more prosperous China http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670490 40 People on 40 Years|Song Guoyou: Economic and trade relations remain the anchor of China-U.S. relations http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670516 40 People on 40 Years|Peter Hays Gries:To be empathetic in Sino-U.S. relations facilitates bridging the divide http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670520 40 People on 40 Years|Diao Daming:Taking the initiative to shape the other half of the consensus http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2670525